High-Performing Charter Schools Have Lasting Student Impacts: Higher Math Achievement Test Scores, Lower Teen Pregnancy Rates, Fewer Male Incarcerations

"The Medium-Term Impacts of High-Achieving Charter Schools on Non-Test Score Outcomes" by Will Dobbie, Harvard University and Roland G. Fryer Jr, Harvard University - Department of Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER); American Bar Foundation; University of Chicago, October 2013, NBER Working Paper w19581:

Abstract:
High-performing charter schools can significantly increase the test scores of poor urban students. It is unclear whether these test score gains translate into improved outcomes later in life. We estimate the effects of high-performing charter schools on human capital, risky behaviors, and health outcomes using survey data from the Promise Academy in the Harlem Children's Zone. Six years after the random admissions lottery, youth offered admission to the Promise Academy middle school score 0.283 standard deviations higher on a nationally-normed math achievement test and are 14.1 percentage points more likely to enroll in college. Admitted females are 12.1 percentage points less likely to be pregnant in their teens, and males are 4.3 percentage points less likely to be incarcerated. We find little impact of the Promise Academy on self-reported health. We conclude with speculative evidence that high-performing schools may be sufficient to significantly improve human capital and reduce certain risky behaviors among the poor.